Chandra Bhan*, Jiwan Singh
Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, India
ARTICLE INFOR: Received on 10-10-2022, accepted on 04/11/2022
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: E-mail: evs.bhan@gmail.com (C. Bhan), Tel: +91-9721188625.
J. Appl. Sci. Innov. Technol. 1 (2), 32-36 (2022)
Highlights
- High concentrations of fluoride in water cause fluorosis disease.
- Fluoride-containing minerals are the primary sources of contamination.
- Fluoride removal by using adsorbents is cost-effective method.
- Adsorbents need to be tested for defluoridation of groundwater.
Abstract
Purification of water is crucial today to meet the clean water demand of the expanding population and diminishing water supplies. Because of dangerous chemicals and the ongoing flow of industrial effluent into water bodies without any basic treatment, the quality of both surface and ground water has declined. Waterborne illnesses brought on by ingesting polluted water place a heavy and quantifiable burden on human wellness and have a substantial economic effect on society. The processes like reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, nanofiltration, and electrodialysis are the conventional methods for fluoride elimination from the water. Due to the disadvantages of the conventional process of defluoridation, these are not suitable for villages and poor communities. Adsorption is a widely used tertiary treatment method because it is simple to use, has good removal performance, and has a variety of on-field uses. Due to its simple manufacturing processes, high stability, significant specific surface area, etc., activated carbon (AC) has become quite popular. This review covers fluoride contamination in groundwater and the application of different types of methods for fluoride removal and also discusses the creation and efficacy of adsorbents produced from various carbonaceous and natural precursors and other materials, for the removal of fluoride, the function of activation procedures, and fluoride-specific modifications.
Keywords: Fluoride; contamination; adsorption; adsorbents; activated carbon
Scope: Environmental Engineering
