Lata Verma1, Vippan Kaur2, Aneet Kumar Yadav1, Atin Kumar Pathak3, Archana Dwivedi2, Garima Singh1
1Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
2Ecotoxicology, Bioremediation and Nano-toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar
Pradesh-226007, India
3School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra-182320, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Cite this article: Verma, L., Kaur, V., Yadav, A.K., Pathak, A.K., Dwivedi, A., Singh, G., 2025. Review on accessible and innovative techniques for monitoring, analysis, and sustainable management of fluoride in drinking water. J. Appl. Sci. Innov. Technol. 4 (1), 4-12.
Abstract
Since more than 2.5 billion people worldwide depend on groundwater for their drinking needs, the availability of clean water is one of the biggest problems facing human civilization. Higher levels of fluoride in drinking water pose health risks to people all over the world because of the increased reactivity of fluoride ions that enter the water from both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. The effects of excessive fluoride concentrations on human health and how it regulate, have also been hotly debated in several nations. To solve the ever-increasing worldwide issue of fluoride contamination from groundwater, cost-effective, environmentally acceptable methods must be developed immediately. Adsorption, nano-filtration exchange, reverse osmosis precipitation/coagulation, etc., are examples of conventional techniques for
removing fluoride. The materials applied in adsorption method is one of the current approaches that works well for rural populations since it is accessible, affordable, recyclable, and readily available. In contrast to other approaches, adsorbing materials are non-toxic and do not release toxic materials, secondary waste generation, high expense, and limited availability to the poor. This review focuses on the fluoride concentration range in fluoride-affected countries and recently developed defluoridation techniques using modified sustainable and environmentally friendly bio-geomaterials. This review covers advanced analytical methods, cost-effective detection strategies, sustainable management approaches, health implications, and policy recommendations for fluoride for safe water practices.
Keywords: Adsorption; Biosorbents; Defluoridation; Groundwater; Geomaterial
Scope: Environmental Science & Engineering
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